【医学课件】 Important Traits for Crop Improvement.pptVIP

Important Traits for Crop Improvement;TRANSGENIC PLANTS;Tearless Onion;Colorful Cauliflowers;Purple tomatoes ;;Insect Resistance Delayed Fruit Ripening Nutritional Enhancing Herbicide Resistance Virus Resistance;Glyphosate Resistance Glyphosate = “Roundup”, “Tumbleweed” = Systemic herbicide Marketed under the name Roundup, glyphosate inhibits the enzyme EPSPS (S-enolpyruvlshikimate-3 phosphate – involved in chloroplast amino acid synthesis), makes aromatic amino acids. The gene encoding EPSPS has been transferred from glyphosate-resistant E. coli into plants, allowing plants to be resistant. Glufosinate Resistance Glufosinate (the active ingredient being phosphinothricin) mimics the structure of the amino acid glutamine, which blocks the enzyme glutamate synthase. Plants receive a gene from the bacterium Streptomyces (bar gene) that produce a protein that inactivates the herbicide. ;Insect Resistance;;Plants may be engineered with genes for resistance to viruses, bacteria, and fungi. Virus-resistant plants have a viral protein coat gene that is overproduced, preventing the virus from reproducing in the host cell, because the plant shuts off the virus’ protein coat gene in response to the overproduction. Coat protein genes are involved in resistance to diseases such as cucumber mosaic virus, tobacco rattle virus, and potato virus X. ; Allow for crops, such as tomatoes, to have a higher shelf life. Tomatoes generally ripen and become soft during shipment to a store. Tomatoes are usually picked and sprayed with the plant hormone ethylene to induce ripening, although this does not improve taste Tomatoes have been engineered to produce less ethylene so they can develop more taste before ripening, and shipment to markets ;First biotech plant product – Flav’r Sav’r tomato;More than one third of the world’s population relies on rice as a food staple, so rice is an attractive target for enhancement. Golden Rice was genetically engineered to produce high levels of