(精选)美国文学Unit 6 American Realism-William Dean Howells, Henry James and Mark Twain课件.pptVIP

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(精选)美国文学Unit 6 American Realism-William Dean Howells, Henry James and Mark Twain课件.ppt

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Unit 6 American Realism: William Dean Howells, Henry James and Mark Twain Historical Background Two phases: the phase of an expanding continental nation from 1865 till 1890s; and the so-called “progressive period” from 1890s till 1914. American Realism: 1865-1914 The Civil War: destroyed the innocence prevalent earlier in the 19th century; (Chang, 158: led many to question the assumptions shared by the Transcendentalists --- natural goodness, the optimistic view of nature and man, benevolent God.) American Realism: 1865-1914 From the 1890s on, there was a great deal of enthusiasm for various social and economic reforms, hence the term “the progressive era.” Most of the writers who wrote with seriousness and conviction were social critics. The Progressive Era By the 1870s New England Renaissance had waned. (Hawthorne and Thoreau dead; Emerson, Longfellow and other New England celebrities old and feeble; Melville ceased to publish. Dickinson not brought to light yet. Only Whitman remained active.) The Age of Romanticism and Transcendentalism was by and large over. 童明，143： Parameters of Realism: “American realism may be measured by the following parameters”: 1. Realism reacts against Romanticism’s emphasis on intuition, imagination, a dreamy (or innocent) sense of wonder, idealism, faith in nature, and general optimistic belief in the goodness of things. Parameters of Realism 2. Realists claim that they seek truth that is verifiable by experience and have practical consequences; they do not seek abstract truth. Parameters of Realism 3. Realism is embedded in a mimetic theory of art. “Mimesis” means “imitation.” Realists believe that literature imitates reality. … realists are attentive to such details as dialect, customs, and experiences that are commonplace and “real.” 4. Realists try to describe a small portion of the knowable world in order to maintain “objectivity.” 5. Local color and regional writings constituted the early phase of realism. Natural