基础语法-定语从句.docVIP

Attributive Clause I. 定语从句（形容词性从句） 1. 分类---限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句： ①限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号分开，引导非限定性定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, of which等，这些关系代词都不能省略； ②非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句不影响主句意思的完整，一般用逗号把主句和从句分开。关系代词用which，不用that；指人时可用who，例如： I have two sisters, who are both students. Crusoe’s dog, which was now very old, became ill and died. 2. 连接词--- 关系代词who, whom, which, that 关系代词as 关系副词where, when ,why, that； 关系代词(形容词)whose； 3．解题原则--- ①保持主句的完整性并避免主句成分的重叠在定语从句中，不管出现任何情况，主句的结构必须完整，即主句必须有主语和谓语，缺一不可，否则，整个主从复合句就无法成立。试比较： （1）Is this factory _______ we visited last week ? （2）Is this the factory _______ we visited last week ? A. which B. where C. what D. the one ②判断先行词在句中担当的语法成分。 4．that 的用法--- 由that引导的定语从句：that在定语从句中可以指人或物，在从句中作主语、谓语动词或介词的宾语。（但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语）例如： The letter that I received was from my father. ①先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等。例如：All that we have to do is to practise every day. ②先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。例如：The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten. This is the best film that I’ve ever seen. ③先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰。例如：I have read all the books (that) you gave me. ④先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时，例如：This is the only shirt that I want to buy. ⑤先行词既有人又有物时，例如：They talked of things and persons that they remembered. ⑥当句中已有who时，为避免重复。例如：Who is the man that is talking to John? ⑦用作关系代词，修饰表示时间的名词如day, time, moment等，代替when。例如：It happened on the day that/when I was born. ⑧主句是who 或which 引导的特殊问句时为避免重复。例如：Who is the girl that is standing under the tree ? Which is the machine that we used last Sunday? (如有两个定语从句，其中一个关系词已用，则另一个用that。例如：Tom built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before. 5．介词+关系代词--- 不能用that。 ①介词的选择与主句中先行词的搭配密切相关。例如：That’s the reason for which he was late for school. This is the book on which I spent 8 yuan. ②定语从句中谓语动词是含有介词的动词短语时，介词应放在动词之后，不能拆开放在关系代词前。例如：This is the key which you are looking for. This is the baby whom y