英语国家概况GreatFamine.pptVIP

Great Famine Contents Causes and contributing factors Government response Aftermath Causes and contributing factors Causes and contributing factors 1、Tenants The 1841 census（人口普查） showed a population of just over eight million. Two-thirds of those depended on agriculture for their survival, but they rarely received a working wage. They had to work for their landlords in return for the patch of land they needed in order to grow enough food for their own families. This was the system which forced Ireland and its peasantry（farmer） into monoculture（单一栽培）, as only the potato could be grown in sufficient quantity. The rights to a plot of land in Ireland could mean the difference between life and death in the early 19th century. Causes and contributing factors 2、Potato dependency Causes and contributing factors 3、Blight(枯萎病) in Ireland In 1846, ? of the harvest was lost to blight. By December, a third of a million destitute（poor） people were employed in public works. According to the first attack of potato blight caused considerable hardship in rural Ireland, from the autumn of 1846, when the first deaths from starvation were recorded. Seed potatoes were scarce in 1847, little had been sown（播种）, so despite average yields, hunger continued. 1848 yields would be only ? of normal. Government response Government response Food exports to England Records show Irish lands exported food even during the worst years of the Famine. When Ireland had experienced a famine in 1782–1783, ports were closed to keep Irish-grown food in Ireland to feed the Irish. Aftermath Aftermath The potato remained Irelands staple（主食）crop after the famine; at the end of the 19th century, the Irish per capita（头数）consumption of four pounds a day was the highest in the world. Later famines made only minimal effect and are generally forgotten, except by historians. By the 1911 census, the island of Irelands population had fallen to 4.4 million, about the sa