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Conclusion - Yale Center for Environmental Law amp; Policy - Home结论-耶鲁大学环境法律和政策中心；家.doc

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Conclusion-YaleCenterforEnvironmentalLawamp;amp;Policy-Home结论-耶鲁大学环境法律和政策中心；家.doc

Session 2: Public Participation at different levels of environmental governance Track 2.2. Public Participation in national environmental governance Public participation in environmental governance: reflections from the developing countries of Asia. By Amando Tolentino, Executive Governor, International Council of Environmental Law (ICEL) Introduction UNCEDs Agenda 21 (1992) recommends development based upon new attitudes towards the value and sustainability of natural resource use, new environmental technologies, new approaches to accounting and auditing and charging for the cost of environmental degradation. Significantly, the World Bank introduced the concept of good governance which is defined as ‘public service that is efficient, a judicial system that is reliable and an administration that is accountable’ (Ginther, Denters and de Waart 1995). Another meaningful aspect of this rapidly changing world is the great concern about popular participation for good governance in sustainable development. This could be traced to the definition of democracy as ‘rule by the people’ which implies participation. This new people-centered approach is, no doubt, a big push forward to achieve environmental sustainability. Thus, local citizens can voice out opinions in decisions involving conversion of lands to new uses. Environmental associations seek to influence governmental rule-making and standard-setting procedures. Public interest groups challenge the role of experts in technical decision-making. Civil society likewise challenge acts and omissions by public authorities and corporations that violate environmental laws. In fact, one of the notable achievements of the environmental movement of the recent past is the emergence of a new, vital and truly international NGO-community. They had become the leading voices in debates over sustainable development. The importance of involving people in the planning process has also been realized by multilateral lending i