2015届高考英语一轮复习语法专题课件：7时态和语态精选.pptVIP

8. 过去完成时 (1)过去完成时的动作表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或已经存在的状态。句中常用by，before，until，when等词引导时间状语。 By the end of last year，we had built five new houses. 到去年年底，我们已建了五座新房子。 I had learnt 5,000 words before I entered the university. 在我上大学前就学了5000个单词。 * (2)过去完成时的动作还可表示在过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或继续持续下去。 Before he slept，he had worked for 12 hours. 他工作了12个小时才睡觉。 (3)常用于下列情况 ①This/It is the first/second time＋that从句，that从句一般用现在完成时，如果把前边的is改为was，则that从句用过去完成时。 It was the third time (that) he had made the same mistake. 这是他第三次犯同样的错误。 * ②intend，mean，hope，want，plan，suppose，expect，think等动词的过去完成时可用来表示一个本来打算做而实际上没有做的事。这种用法也可表示过去未曾实现的设想或希望，含有某种惋惜之意。 I had intended to call on you yesterday，but someone came to see me just when I was about to leave. 我昨天本来要去看你的，但是刚要出门就有人来访。 * I had meant to help you，but I was too busy at the moment. 我本想去帮你的，但当时确实太忙了。 I had thought you would come tomorrow. 我原以为你明天才来呢。 * ③Hardly/Scarcely/Barely had...done...when...；No sooner had...done...than...。when和than从句里用一般过去时，表示“刚刚……就……”。 Hardly (No sooner) had I got home when (than) the rain poured down. 我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下。 Hardly had we started when the car got a flat tyre. 我们才刚刚动身，汽车的轮胎就漏气了。 * 9．将来完成时 将来完成时表示到将来某一时间，某一动作将会完成。常用的时间状语为：by＋将来的某个时间。 By this time of next year，all of you will have begun your own life. 到明年的这个时候，你们大家就开始了自己的生活。 * 10. 现在完成进行时 现在完成进行时表示一个动作开始于过去，并持续到现在，并强调现在还在进行。完成进行时是完成时和进行时的组合，因此，它具备完成时和进行时的一些因素，如：它具备进行时的“未完性、暂时性、感情色彩”等的特点。 * 语法精讲 He has been learning English for 6 years. 他已经学英语六年了。 (从过去某一时间开始学英语，强调到现在还在学) It has been raining for 3 days. 雨已经下三天了。 (强调说话者“抱怨”的感情色彩) * 时间、条件、程度状语从句中动词的时态 在if 、unless等词引导的条件状语从句，when till/until 、as soon as 、the time等词引导的时间状语从句，以及the more …the more 结构引导的程度状语从句中，当主句中的动词用一般将来时，从句中的动词通常用一般现在时表示将来时间。 * 被动语态 (1)His wallet got stolen on the bus to the office. (2) Street lights are often turned on at six in winter. (3) This kind of bicycle is not sold in our shop. (4) The pupils were given some advice by the pianist. ?Some advice was given to the pupils by the pianist. (5)The boss made them