+Sewage+systems船用生活污水处理系统.docVIP

The Hazards and regulations regarding the Sewage Systems Raw sewage discharged into restricted waters will eventually overwhelm the self purification ability of the limited quantity of water. In a closed dock the effect can be seen in a black sludgy water which when disturbed gives off an unpleasant smell possibly Hydrogen Sulphide. When the quantity of sludge is reasonable aerobic bacteria digest the sewage breaking it down to simple compounds and Carbon dioxide using up Oxygen in the process. These compounds and Carbon dioxide promote plant life which returns oxygen to the water. When the quantity of Oxygen becomes so depleted that the aerobic bacteria can no longer function, anaerobic or bacteria not requiring Oxygen to function will take over. The breakdown of the sludge is then associated with the same process of decay with foul smelling and dangerous gasses being produced. Therefore the principal means of sludge conditioning on board is that of aerobic action, Types of sewage disposal There are four main types of sewage disposal systems fitted to ships; Discharge from the toilet bowl into a common drain leading to overboard via storm valves As above except common drain leads to a storage tank with or without aeration. Contents discharged ashore or at sea when appropriate. Sewage treatment systems with sewage being collected and treated to produce an effluent suitable to discharge without effect on environment. Vacuum collecting system where the drains are kept at a slightly negative absolute pressure , on flushing water, sewage and air are drawn into the drains being led to a collecting or treatment tank which is kept at atmospheric pressure. Aerobic and anaerobic bacterial action When the sewage enters the drainage system it is acted upon by aerobic bacteria and is broken down, during this process the naturally occurring Aerobic Bacteria strip the water of oxygen and produce; more water, Carbon Dioxide, and more bacteria. If, however, there is insuff