新编简明英语语言学教程第7章_Language_Change.pptVIP

7.5 Some recent trends 1 Moving towards greater informality Eg. ain’t, don’t, can’t; it’s me; who did you see? Bus notice in London {Please do not speak to the driver while he is driving} [Passengers are required not to communicate with the driver while the vehicle is in motion.] 2. The infulence of American English Eg. petrol (BE) – gasoline (AE) autumn (BE) --- fall (AE) lift (BE) --- elevator (AE) pavement (BE) --- sidewalk (AE) teenager (AE) commuter (AE) to update (AE)– to bring up to date to host (AE) --- to be host at to check up (AE) --- to check Conclusion: American English has a strong influence upon British English by movies, newspapers, magazines, radios, television 7.5 Some recent trends 3. the influence of science and technology New words are coined to express new concepts, new techniques and new inventions Space travel eg. space suit; splash-down Computer and internet language eg. input Ecology eg. ecocide pp. 105—106 for more words Conclusion: Science and technology has a strong influence upon English 7.5 Some recent trends 7.6 The Causes for language change Why: Grammatical rules may seem very strict, but the rules do permit slight variations that do not make a great deal of difference in meaning, when variations of grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation accumulate through the centuries, languages within a single language family become quite different from one another Rapid development of science and technology leads to new words Eg. bullet train, fax, laser printer, eurostar, hovercraft, CD-ROM, laptop, telecom, DVD, e-mail, cybernaut Causes for language change Social and political changes and political needs Eg. shuttle diplomacy, mini-summit, jungle war, Euro, hot line, DVD, eyephone, e-mail, bi-media, golden week Causes for language change More neutral job titles due to feminism Eg. chairman --- chairperson foreman --- supervisor p