Edible Forest Gardening - Transition Culture：食用森林园艺过渡文化.ppt

Edible Forest Gardening: Embodying wisdom, knowledge, and practice of the ‘eco’ What is an edible forest garden? “An edible forest garden is a perennial polyculture of multipurpose plants” (Jacke 2005) “Forest gardens are long-term biologically sustainable systems for growing food and other products for a household or commercially.” (Crawford 2006) ‘Unlawning what we have lawned’ lawns in the US were estimated to cover 128, 000 square kilometres (about the size of England) making it the most extensive irrigated crop in the country (about three times that of corn).[1] 50-70% of residential water is used to water lawns.[2] The collective maintenance budget of this ‘crop’ was in the range of 29 billion dollars in 2002, or roughly 1,200 dollars/using household. [1] Lindsey, Rebecca, ‘Looking for Lawns’ /Study/Lawn/lawn2.html, 8-11-05. [2] /wiki/Lawn, 14-11-2006. Crawford (2006) Key patterns of a forest garden: High Diversity of perennials Multi-layered Nitrogen fixers Leaf mulch Mineral Accumulators No Till Ground covers Bee plants and predatory insect attractants Key qualities of a forest garden: Self Maintaining High yield (“Over-yielding”) In Indonesia 7% of labor inputs can account for 44% of the carbohydrate and 32% of the protein needs of the diet. In Hawaii a small home garden can provide 100% of the necessary vitamin A and C and 18% of the protein for a family of five.[1][1] Cooper, P.J.M., Leakey, R.R.B., Rao, M.R. and Reynolds, L. 1996. ‘Agroforestry and the mitigation of land degredation in the humid and sub humid tropics of Africa.’ Experimental Agriculture 32: 235-290. Key qualities of a forest garden: Self Maintaining High yield (“Over-yielding”) Self fertilizing Zero external inputs necessary Nitrogen fixers Mineral Accumulators Forest Gardening puts the emphasis on the whole as an interrelating ‘organism’ not as a collection of objects or individuals. Keeping the elements present throughout the design process Ai