乔治奥威尔-George orwell.pptx

George OrwellAuthor of 1984, Animal Farm, Down and Out in Paris and LondonGeorge Orwell1984Published in 1949, one year before Orwell’s death, this novel presents an imaginary future where a totalitarian state controls every aspect of life, even peoples thoughts. The state called Oceania is ruled by a group known as the Party, its leader and dictator is Big Brother, and it is a world of perpetual war, government surveillance, mind control, and the elimination of citizens rights. At the time Orwell was writing, totalitarian governments were on the march in many parts of the world and the future looked bleak. Winston Smith, the main character and protagonist is a civil servant whose responsibility is creating propaganda for the Party by rewriting history to render the Party with unlimited power and admiration. “He who controls the past, controls the future”. However, his miserable existence disillusions him into rebellion against Big Brother, which leads to his arrest, torture, and ultimate conversion.Author of 1984, Animal Farm, Down and Out in Paris and LondonGeorge OrwellTotalitarianismform of government that theoretically permits no individual freedom and that seeks to subordinate all aspects of the individual’s life to the authority of the government. Italian dictator Benito Mussolini coined the term totalitario in the early 1920s to describe the new fascist state of Italy, which he further described as: “All within the state, none outside the state, none against the state.” By the beginning of World War II, “totalitarian” had become synonymous with absolute and oppressive single-party government.In the broadest sense, totalitarianism is characterized by strong central rule that attempts to control and direct all aspects of individual life through coercion and repression. Examples of such centralized totalitarian rule include the Maurya dynasty of India, the Ch’in dynasty of China, and the reign of Zulu chief Shaka. The totalitarian states of Nazi Germany under Ad