20120705语法讲义(动名词).docVIP

动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。它可以支配宾语，也能被副词修饰。动名词有时态和语态的变化。动名词由动词原形加-ing构成，其构成方法与现在分词相同，但其功能、作用与现在分词相异。 动名词按照其时态和语态变化列表如下： 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 一、 动名词的动词性特征 1). 动名词带宾语 I hope you don’t mind my saying it? 2). 动名词带状语 Are you for or against staying here? 二、 动名词的名词性特征 1.做主语 Reading is an art. Climbing mountains is really fun. 动名词做主语，有时先用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句末。这种用法在习惯句型中常用。如：It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. It was hard getting on the crowded street car. It is fun playing with children. There is no joking about such matters. 对这种事情不是开玩笑。 It is no safe... It is useless... It is nice... It is good... It is interesting... 2 作宾语 （1）作动词的宾语 常见的此类动词有： avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, give up, cannot help, imagine, include, keep on, mind, miss, put off, delay, practise, resist, suggest, depend on, think about, set about, succeed in, worry about, burst out, insist on, can’t stand, be used to, get used to, devote…to…, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to等。如： They went on walking and never stopped talking. 他们继续走，说个不停。 （2）作介词的宾语 We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 我们休息呢还是开始干活？ （3）作形容词的宾语 The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。 We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。 3作表语 动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。 Your task is cleaning the windows. (Cleaning the windows is your task.) What I hate most is being laughed at. (Being laughed at is what I hate most.) 4、作定语 动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如： a walking stick, a washing machine, a reading room, sleeping pills 三、动名词的逻辑主语 带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词之前加上物主代词或名词所有格，这便构成了动名词的复合结构。其中物主代词（名词所有格）是逻辑上的主语，动名词是逻辑上的谓语。动名词复合结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等，分别相当于一个主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。如： Her coming to help encouraged all of us. (=That