[工学]化工原理英文教材-传质与分离部分chapter6.pptVIP

(2)Diffusion in liquids Diffusivities in liquids are generally 4 to 5 orders of magnitude smaller than in gases at atmospheric pressure. Influence of pressure for diffusion in liquids can be neglected. Diffusivities for dilute liquid solutions can be calculated from Eq.(17.31)[Empirical correlation]. Other empirical correlations for diffusivities: For dilute aqueous solutions of non-electrolytes, using Eq.(17.32).（自学） For dilute solutions of completely ionized univalent electrolytes,using Nernst equation(17.33). （自学） (3)Schmidt number Sc Sc is analogous to the Prandtl number. For gases, Sc is independent of pressure when the ideal gas law applies, since the viscosity is independent of pressure, and the effects of pressure on ? and Dv cancel. Temperature has only a slight effect on Sc because ? and ?Dv both change with about T0.7~0.8. For liquids, Sc decreases markedly with increasing temperature because of the decreasing viscosity and the increase in the diffusivity. Unlike the case for binary gas mixtures the diffusion coefficient for a dilute solution of A and B is not the same for a dilute solution of B in A. i.e., DAB≠DBA [Comparing with eq.(17.15)?] EXAMPLE 17.3. [p.522] From eq.(17.31), it is apparent that unlike the case for binary gas mixtures, the diffusion coefficient for a dilute solution of A and B is not the same for a dilute solution of B in A. But, from EXAMPLE 17.3., the diffusivities of benzene in toluene and toluene in benzene have only a slight difference, and in this case the conclusion of Eq.(17.15) DAB=DBA is still effective (4)Turbulent diffusion In a turbulent stream the moving eddies transport matter from one location to another, just as they transport momentum and heat energy. Where =molal flux of A, relative to phase as a whole, caused by turbulent action =eddy diffusivity The total molal flux, relative to the entire phase, becomes The eddy diffusivity is not a parameter of physical property, it depends on the fluid properties but also