应用地球物理应用地球物理导论幻灯片.pptVIP

时距曲线 旅行时间——地震波的传播时间。 震中距——震中与地震台站之间的距离。 时距曲线——地震波旅行时间与震中距之间的关系曲线。 地球探测 地球内部分层构造 我们还可以知道什么？ 地球内部的： 速度 密度 衰减 不均匀性 各向异性 分层 Inner core Outer core Mantle 地球内部的三维结构 宽频带地震观测是大陆动力学研究的一支重要力量，主要是利用地震波探测岩石圈的组成。 比较成熟的方法有：地震层析成像、接收函数、剪切波分裂等。 宽频带地震观测 迄今全球核爆炸分布图 冷战期间，地震记录是作为监测核爆的唯一手段，达成了美苏两大战略集团的核均衡；即使今天，地震记录同样是世界各国进行核爆监测最为有效的手段。 9.11事件及其地震记录 地震勘探（寻找石油、矿产、地下水等） 地表 人工地震震源 地震检波器 反射面 * * Earthquakes are caused by sudden movement along faults. Such movements can be categorized into three types: (1) Normal Fault, (2) Reverse Fault, and (3) Strike-Slip Fault. The characteristics of such movement along a fault associated with an earthquake is usually really referred as earthquake focal mechanism. In the previous slide, we have shown that most seismic activity is associated with plate boundaries. The particular type of earthquakes are also deeply related the type of plate boundaries. Normal fault earthquakes generally occur at divergent plate boundary; reverse fault earthquakes occur at convergent boundary, and strike-slip fault earthquakes are found mostly at the transform plate boundary. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Application of seismology has been everywhere in our life. How to choose a high quality watermelon is actually deeply related structural seismology. * More details layering in different subjects or fields is listed here. For example, petrologists further divided the mantle into an upper mantle of peridotite and a lower mantle of perovskite. The core is made of iron. Seismologists found that besides the three major boundaries, the crust-mantle boundary Moho, the core-mantle boundary CMB and the inner core boundary, ICB. There are two additional boundaries in the upper mantle. The 410-km and 660-km discontinuities. There are many seismic studies suggested other discontinuities at various depths, but all lack a consistent global confirmation. One of there, usually called the D” discontinuity in the D region of Bullen’s naming, has been actively studi