计算机网络第8章：_路由协议：RIP,OSPF幻灯片.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * OSPF has to have at least one Area (Area 0 ). This area is the bacbone were all the other areas must be connected to. ABR: Area border Routers are routers that have interfaces in more than one area, generally between Area 0 and other areas. * * * * * DR : Designated Routers Reduce OSPF traffic on Multiaccess Links Store and Distribute neighbors LSDBs BDR exist as a backup for redundancy. DR election: OSPF Priority is used in the selection : 1 – 255, default = 1, 0 for noncandidate If priorities are the same, higher Loopback IP address. In case of no existing Loopbacks highest IP address of interfaces are used. OSPF Order of events: Establish router adjacencies Elect a Designated Router Discover Routes Select appropriate routes Maintain routing info Relies on IP packets for delivery of routing information (uses protocol number 89) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Configuring a Loopback Address To add stability to OSPF router ID The loopback interface must be configured before the OSPF process starts When configuring loopbacks, use a /32 mask to avoid potential routing problems It is recommended that you use the loopback address (private or public address) on all key routers in your OSPF based network. Router (config) # interface loopback number Router (config-if) # ip address address subnet-mask Note: no shutdown command is not needed. Configuring a Loopback Address Example Modifying OSPF Interface Priority To manipulate DR/BDR elections number Value: 0 ~ 255, default is 1 A priority of 0 indicates an interface cannot be elected as DR or BDR Monitoring OSPF interface priority Router (config-if) # ip ospf priority number Router # show ip ospf [interface type number] Setting OSPF Priority Example A router with the highest OSPF priority will win the election for DR. OSPF Cost = Metric Cost is applied on all router link paths 16 bits number (1 – 65,535) Lower metric = more desirable Route decision is made