抗生素英文课件精品——Effect of antimicrobials in food-producing animals on pathogen load资料汇总.pptVIP

Effect of antimicrobials in food-producing animals on pathogen loadSystematic review of published literature Michael Goodman MD, MPH Exponent?, Alexandria, VA January 23, 2002 Issue Antibiotics in food-producing animals could decrease microbial shedding. (NRC 1999) However, Most antibiotics only effective against certain bacteria (e.g., gram–positive cocci). Therefore, Antibiotics may disturb normal microbial ecosystem resulting in an increase in certain bacteria (e.g., Salmonella). (CVM 1999) Concern Animals carrying increased amounts of pathogens (pathogen load) at the time of slaughter may present an increased risk for contamination of food and resulting human illness (CVM 1999). Objective To review and analyze published literature evaluating the effect of antimicrobials in food-producing animals on pathogen load. Challenge studies: swine calves Antibiotics included: chlor- and oxytetracyclin Apramycin Neomycin Penicillin Ceftiofur Carbadox. All studies used S. typhimurium as inoculum. No evidence of antibiotics increasing Salmonella shedding. (Table 1, handout) Challenge studies: poultry All 6 studies from the Houghton Laboratory, UK showed significant increase in Salmonella shedding in chickens that received antibiotics. Shedding in these birds was also longer than in controls. Results were particularly strong for avoparcin. (Table 2, handout) These results were not replicated by others. Challenge studies: poultry (continued) Gustafson (1981) Avoparcin increased Salmonella shedding only after single inoculation early in life. Serial inoculations and inoculations later in life showed no impact of avoparcin. Holmberg et al. (1984) No increase in Salmonella shedding after avoparcin alone. Combined use of avoparcin and coccidiostat monensin caused increased Salmonella shedding. (Table 2) * *