system(内分泌系统)42.ppt

BIOLOGICAL TRANSLATION;Outline;;Puberty is considerably affected by the context in which it occurs Physical development is influenced by a host of environmental factors, and the timing and rate of pubertal growth vary across regions of the world, SES, ethnic groups, and historical eras In contemporary society, the average girl reaches menarche between 12th and 13th birthday;;1. Puberty: An overview;1. Puberty: An overview;1. Puberty: An overview;The endocrine system（内分泌系统）;The endocrine system;The endocrine system;The endocrine system;Figure 1 Levels of hormones are regulated by a feedback systemcomposed of hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and gonads;The endocrine system;The endocrine system;What triggers puberty;What triggers puberty;What triggers puberty;2. Somatic development;Changes in stature and the dimensions of the body;Figure 2 Left: height at different ages for the average  male and female youngster; Right: gain in height per  year for the average male and female youngster;Changes in stature and the dimensions of the body;Changes in stature and the dimensions of the body;Changes in stature and the dimensions of the body;Figure 3 Muscle and body fat for individuals  of average height at each age;Changes in stature and the dimensions of the body;Changes in stature and the dimensions of the body;Changes in stature and the dimensions of the body;Changes in stature and the dimensions of the body;Brain changes during adolescence;Brain structure;;;Sexual maturation;Sexual maturation;Figure 4 The five stages of penile and pubic hair growth (Morris Udry, 1980);Sexual maturation;Sexual maturation;Figure 5 the five pubertal stages  for breast and pubic hair growth;Sexual maturation;3. The timing and tempo of puberty;Figure 6 Prevalence of African American and white girls at different ages who show signs of either breast development or pubic hair (Herman-Giddens et al., 1997);3. The timing and tempo of puberty;3. The timing and tempo