小 说及小 说要素经典案例.ppt

Flat Round Characters Flat characters / type characters / one –dimensional characters / caricatures Usually play a minor role in the stories Methods of Characterization Telling and Showing Direct Characterization: Telling Characterization through the use of names Characterization through appearance Characterization by the author Indirect Characterization: Showing A. Characterization through dialogue B. Characterization through action Analyzing Character 1. Who is the protagonist of a literary piece and who (or what) is the antagonist? 2. What is the function of minor characters? 3. Identify the characters in terms of whether they are flat or round, dynamic or static. 4. What methods does the author employ to establish and reveal the characters? Are the methods primarily of showing or telling? 5. Are the actions of the characters properly motivated and consistent? POINT OF VIEW a storyteller: a narrative voice, real or implied, that presents the story to the reader narrative voice : the method of narration that determines the (position, or angle of vision, from which the story is told ) Point of view It governs the readers access to the story and determines just how much he can know at any given moment about what is taking place Various Points of View First person Second person Third person First person First, “I” creates an immediate sense of reality . Second, the writer has a ready-made principle of selection. A story told in the first person is necessarily limited to what the narrator has seen, heard, or surmised. First person a. Major participant i. telling his or her own story as a major mover ii. telling a story about others and also about herself or himself as one of the major inter-actors iii. telling a story mainly about others; this narrator is on the spot and completely involved but is not a major mover b. Minor participant, telling a story about events experienced and / or witnessed c. Uninvolved character, telling