2018年备战中考：英语必考词汇解析(全国通用).docx

中考英语必考词汇解析（全国通用）A1. a (an) (art) 一（个，件…）There is an eraser in the box.What a shame! = What a pity!真遗憾！A knife and fork一副刀叉(用于价格，数量，比率等)He was driving at 50 miles an hour.当时他正以每小时50英里速度驾车。（用于一星期中某天的名称前，表示具体某一天）She died on a Tuesday. 她是在一个星期二去世的。【经典试题】A spaceship flies at about eleven kilometers _______ second. A. / B. the C. a D. an How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _______ voice. A. the best B. a best C. the betterD. a better 2. ability (n) 能力; 才能;He is a man of great ability. 他是位能力很强的人。She has no ability in that kind of work.The ability to use a language can be achieved by the act of using the language.Almost everyone has some musical ability.几乎人人都有一定的音乐才能。（ability后可接介词in或for引导的短语表示“有某方面的能力”，也可接动词不定式做定语，但不接“of + v-ing”）3. able (a.) 有能力的，能够I am afraid I won’t be able to visit you on Saturday. 恐怕我无法在星期六来拜访您了。I didn’t feel able to disagree with him. 我觉得无法不同意他的意见。The ablest student in the class.班上最有才华的人。He is an able lawyer. 他是一位能干的律师。* unable (a.) 不能的，不能胜任的4. about （prep, ad.）关于，在各处；大约，到处 My mother often spoke to me about you.家母常和我谈起你。She sat up and looked about her. 她坐了起来,环顾四周。It happened about 5 oclock in the morning. 这事发生在早晨约莫五点钟的时候。She likes to walk about. 她喜爱四处走走。John is about the same age as Tom. 5. above (prep) 在...上面 在...之上, 超过Water came above our knees.水淹过我们的膝盖 We cannot accept children above the age of 10.我们不能接受10岁以上的儿童。【词语辨析】Above与最低限度和固定点相连，如：2000 feet above sea level海拔2000英尺。Temperatures will not rise above zero tonight.而over与数目，数量，年龄，金钱和时间相连，如： He’s over 50。他已年过半百。It cost over $100.这个值100美元。We waited over 2 hours. 6. abroad (a. ad.)在国外;到国外My son is still living abroad.He was famous both at home and abroad.(abroad前不可用in或to，但可用from表示“从国外”)7. absent (a.)缺席的,不在场的To be absent from work / school / a meeting缺勤，缺课，未出席会议。Three members of the class were absent this morning. 今天早晨该班有三人缺席。Today David is absent from school because he is ill.今天大卫因为生病没上学。【注意区别】He was absent from London.他不在伦敦。He was absent in London. 他不在这里，而在伦敦。absence （n）不在， 缺席accordi