汽车专业英语第五章节.ppt

CHAPTER 5 STEERING AND SUSPENSION SYSTEM 5.1 Basic parts of steering system  The basic steering system in most cars is the same. The steering gear of steering box is the heart of the steering system. This usually is next to the engine. A shaft extends from the back of the steering gear. This shaft is connected to the steering column or steering shaft. The steering wheel is at the top of the steering column. Another shaft comes from the bottom of the steering gear. This shaft connects to the arms, rods, and links. This parts assembly, called the steering linkage, connects the steering gear to the parts at the wheels. The wheels and tires mount to the steering knuckles. As shown in Fig. 5-1, the knuckles are pivoted at the top and bottom. Thus, the wheels and tires can turn from side to side. 多数汽车的转向系基本上是一样的。转向系的核心是转向器，一般位于发动机附近。一根轴从转向器后部伸出，连接着转向柱。方向盘在转向柱的顶端。另一根轴从转向器低端伸出，连接着转向臂、转向拉杆和转向杆系，这些部件总称为转向传动机构，连接转向器和车轮上的部件。车轮和轮胎安装在转向节上。如图5-1所示，转向节的上下端可自由转动，这样车轮可从一侧转到另一侧。 While the steering system may look complicated, it works quite simply. When a driver drives a car straight down the road, the steering gear is centered. The gear holds the linkage centered so that the wheels and tires point straight ahead. When the driver turns the steering wheel, the steering shaft rotates and the steering gear moves toward that side. The shaft coming out the bottom of the steering gear turns, as well. When the shaft turns, it pulls the linkage to one side and makes the steering knuckles turn slightly about their pivot points. Thus, the steering knuckle , spindle, wheels, and tires turn to one side, causing the car to turn. 转向系看起来复杂，工作原理却很简单。汽车直行时，转向器处于中间位置，转向传动机构也处于中间位置，车轮直行。驾驶员转动方向盘，转向轴旋转，转向器向同侧转动，同时转向器底部的输出轴也会旋转。输出轴转动时，会向一侧拉动拉杆，使得转向节绕其支点旋转。这样，转向节、转向节轴端、车轮和轮胎都会向一侧旋转，汽车实现转向。 To minimize tire wear the front wheels should be steered from the straight ahead to a position where they form an angle of 90oto a line drawn from the instantaneous center to the wheel center. It means that the inner