英语中主动表被动情况小结.ppt.pptVIP

* 主动表被动：指形式无被动结构而含被动意义的主动形式，即句中某个名词或代词与某个动词存在逻辑动宾关系或为被动关系，用主动结构表被动意思。小结如下： 一、谓语动词用主动表被动的六种情形 (1) 某些连系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主动表被动，因为连系动词没有被动语态形式： That dog looks dangerous. 那只狗看起来很危险。 Your idea sounds a good one. 你的想法听起来很好。 My advice proved to be wrong. 我的意见证实是错的。 （2）某些可以和well, easily, smoothly等副词连用的动词如read, write, wash, clean, draw, burn, cook, sell, lock, open, shut,且主语是非生命的名词或代词,用主动结构表被动意思,e.g. ①This kind of book sells well. ②The pen writes smoothly. ③ The cloth washes well. ④The poem reads smoothly. ⑤The table doesn’t clean easily. ⑥This kind of rice cooks more easily than that kind. ⑦ That door shuts well. （3）某些表示开始和结束的动词(begin, start, finish, end等)，当主语为事物且不强调动作的执行者时，可用主动语态表示被动意义。如： When does the concert begin? 音乐会什么时候开始？ The play ended at ten o’clock. 戏10点钟结束。 （4）一些不及物动词或短语是不用被动的，如：happen , take place ,come about , break out , date back to 等 Great changes have taken place in the village recently. Two world wars broke out last century. A fire broke out in the hospital in the mid-night. Can you tell me how the accident came about? The story happened in 2003. A car accident happened to her this morning? (5) 有的动词本身含有被动意味，通常用主动形式来表示被动含义。如： Where is the new film showing? 这部新电影在哪里放映? My skirt caught on a nail. 我的裙子被钉子钩住了。 Soon the house filled with people. 很快房子就挤满了人。 (6)当need/want/require三动词是需要的意思且主语与这些动词后的动词存在逻辑上的动宾关系,则这三动词后的动词用v-ing形式,用主动结构表被动意思,相当于to be done, e.g. ①My watch needs repairing（＝to be repaired）. ②The house wants painting （＝to be painted）. 二、非谓语动词用主动表被动的七种情形 (1) 不定式to blame, to let, to seek用作表语时，通常要用主动形式表示被动意义： Who is to blame? 该怪谁呢？ He shouldn’t be to blame for the accident. 他不该为此次事故负责。 The house is to let. 此屋出租。 A better way is yet to seek. 还得找一种更好的办法。 (2) 某些“名（代）be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义： The question is difficult to answer. 这问题很难回答。 Your writing is impossible to read. 你的书写没法认。 Do you think the water is safe to drink? 你认为这水喝起来安全吗? He is easy to