Corruption and anti-corruption strategies Issues and case studies from developing countries推荐.pdfVIP

CORRUPTION AND 3. ANTI-CORRUPTION STRATEGIES: ISSUES AND CASE STUDIES FROM DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ALAN DOIG AND STEPHEN RILEY Introduction Patterns of corruption vary from society to society and over time. This is particularly the case when we consider the “South”, the “Third World” or the developing countries. In order to understand the immense diversity of its origins, forms and effects across developing countries, we should examine the roles of both the internal stakeholders in developing societies (such as politicians, business cliques and junior civil servants) as well as external actors (including western multinational companies and international financial institutions). In addition, reform strategies should take account of widely differing economic, legal and political contexts. Effective anti- corruption strategies need to be tailored to the social environment in which corruption occurs. As a result of this variety in patterns of corruption, there are problems in evaluating the current diversity of corruption and anti-corruption efforts; many advocate a single universal strategy to fight corruption. The intention of this chapter is to assess corruption and anti-corruption strategies in Botswana, Ecuador, Hong Kong and Tanzania, as well as attempts to reduce customs fraud in Mali and Senegal, in the light of such universal