眼科教程.ppt

* * * Iris -- the colored part of the eye. The iris helps regulate the amount of light that enters the eye Pupil -- the dark center in the middle of the iris. The pupil determines how much light is let into the eye. It changes sizes to accommodate for the amount of light that is available. Cornea -- the clear front window of the eye. The cornea transmits and focuses light into the eye. Lens -- the transparent structure inside the eye that focuses light rays onto the retina. Retina -- the nerve layer that lines the back of the eye. The retina senses light and creates impulses that are sent through the optic nerve to the brain. Macula -- a small area in the retina that contains special light-sensitive cells. The macula allows us to see fine details clearly. Optic Nerve -- the nerve that connects the eye to the brain. The optic nerve carries the impulses formed by the retina to the brain, which interprets them as images. Vitreous -- the clear, jelly-like substance that fills the middle of the eye. 白内障手术方式 超声乳化及人工晶体植入 * 晶体手术与屈光矫正 透明晶体摘除与人工晶体植入 有晶体眼人工晶体植入 * Chronic Dacryocystitis 慢性泪囊炎 Cause: 泪液滞留伴发感染 Manifestation: 泪溢、脓性分泌物、泪囊扩张 Danger Treatment: medicine and surgery * Acute Dacryocystitis急性泪囊炎 Cause: 链球菌 Manifestation: 流泪、红、脓性分泌物、泪囊红肿硬疼 Treatment: 热敷 消炎 切开排脓 Newborn * 青 光 眼 病理性的眼压升高 引起病理性损害 * 原发性青光眼 Primary glaucoma 继发性青光眼 Secondary glaucoma 先天性青光眼 Congenital glaucoma 混合性青光眼 Combined-mechanism glaucoma 青光眼分类 * 急性闭角型青光眼 闭角型青光眼 原发性 慢性闭角型青光眼 青光眼 慢性单纯性青光眼 开角型青光眼 正常眼压青光眼 原发性青光眼 * 原发性开角型青光眼 * 原发性闭角型青光眼 * 临床表现 分期 -临床前期 -先兆期 -急性发作期 -间歇期 -慢性期 -绝对期 * 症状 –剧烈眼痛偏头痛 –恶心呕吐 –视力严重下降 急性发作期 * 急性发作期 体征 -球结膜充血水肿 -角膜水肿、后壁色素沉着物 -前房浅，周边消失，房水混浊 -虹膜节段性萎缩 -瞳孔中度散大，呈竖椭圆形 -青光眼斑(Glaukomflecken) -房角关闭，眼压升高 * 治疗 基本原则 —