同济大学第六版高等数学上下册课后习题答案128.docVIP

习题12(8 1( 求下列微分方程的通解( (1)y(((y((2y(0( 解 微分方程的特征方程为 r2(r(2(0( 即(r(2)(r(1)(0( 其根为r1(1( r2((2( 故微分方程的通解为 y(C1ex(C2e(2x( (2)y(((4y((0( 解 微分方程的特征方程为 r2(4r(0( 即r(r(4)(0( 其根为r1(0( r2(4( 故微分方程的通解为 y(C1(C2e4x( (3)y(((y(0( 解 微分方程的特征方程为 r2(1(0( 其根为r1(i( r2((i( 故微分方程的通解为 y(C1cos x(C2sin x( (4)y(((6y((13y(0( 解 微分方程的特征方程为 r2(6r(13(0( 其根为r1((3(2i( r2((3(2i( 故微分方程的通解为 y(e(3x(C1cos2x(C2sin2x)( (5)( 解 微分方程的特征方程为 4r2(20r(25(0( 即(2x(5)2(0( 其根为( 故微分方程的通解为 ( 即( (6)y(((4y((5y(0( 解 微分方程的特征方程为 r2(4r(5(0( 其根为r1(2(i( r2(2(i( 故微分方程的通解为 y(e2x(C1cos x(C2sin x)( (7)y(4)(y(0( 解 微分方程的特征方程为 r4(1(0( 即(r(1)(r(1)(r2(1)(0 其根为r1(1( r2((1( r1((i( r2(i( 故微分方程的通解为 y(C1ex(C2e(x(C3cos x(C4sin x( (8)y(4)(2y(((y(0( 解 微分方程的特征方程为 r4(r2(1(0( 即(r2(1)2(0( 其根为r1(r2((i( r3(r4(i( 故微分方程的通解为 y((C1(C2x)cos x((C3(C4x)sin x( (9)y(4)(2y((((y(((0( 解 微分方程的特征方程为 r4(2r3(r2(0( 即r2(r(1)2(0( 其根为r1(r2(0( r3(r4(1( 故微分方程的通解为 y(C1(C2x(C3ex(C4xex( (10)y(4)(5y(((36(0( 解 微分方程的特征方程为 r4(5r2(36(0( 其根为r1(2( r2((2( r3(3i( r4((3i( 故微分方程的通解为 y(C1e2x(C2e(2x( C3cos3x(C4sin3x( 2( 求下列微分方程满足所给初始条件的特解( (1)y(((4y((3y(0( y|x(0(6( y(|x(0(10( 解 微分方程的特征方程为 r2(4r(3(0( 即(r(1)(r(3)(0( 其根为r1(1( r2(3( 故微分方程的通解为 y(C1ex(C2e3x( 由y|x(0(6( y(|x(0(10( 得 ( 解之得C1(4( C2(2( 因此所求特解为 y(4ex(2e3x( (2)4y(((4y((y(0( y|x(0(2( y(|x(0(0( 解 微分方程的特征方程为 4r2(4r(1(0( 即(2r(1)2(0( 其根为( 故微分方程的通解为 ( 由y|x(0(2( y(|x(0(0( 得 ( 解之得C1(2( C2(1( 因此所求特解为 ( (3)y(((3y((4y(0( y|x(0(0( y(|x(0((5( 解 微分方程的特征方程为 r2(3r(4(0( 即(r(4)(r(1)(0( 其根为r1((1( r2(4( 故微分方程的通解为 y(C1e(x(C2e4x( 由y|x(0(0( y(|x(0((5( 得 ( 解之得C1(1( C2((1( 因此所求特解为 y(e(x(e4x( (4)y(((4y((29y(0( y|x(0(0( y(|x(0(15( 解 微分方程的特征方程为 r2(4r(29(0( 其根为