《脊柱结构》.pptVIP

* * 大家好！ 脊 柱 Vertebral column 基础医学院人体解剖教研室 The vertebral column脊柱 consists of 24 vertebrae, the sacrum, and the coccyx. 一、Vertebrae 椎骨 There are 33 vertebrae in children, arranged as follows: Cervical vertebrae 颈椎 C.7 Thoracic vertebrae 胸椎 T.12 Lumbar vertebrae 腰椎 L.5 Sacral vertebrae 骶椎 S.5 sacrum 骶骨 Coccygeal vertebrae 尾椎 Co.3~4 coccyx尾骨 General features of vertebrae Vertebral body 椎体 Vertebral arch 椎弓 pedicle of vertebral arch 椎弓根: sup. and inf. Vertebral notch 椎上、下切迹 lamina of vertebral arch 椎弓板 process (7): spinous process 棘突 transverse process 横突 sup. and inf. articular processes 上、下关节突 Vertebral foramen 椎孔 Vertebral canal 椎管 Intervertebral foramen 椎间孔 Regional variations of vertebrae Cervical vertebrae Vertebrae Body: small Vertebral foramen: larger and triangular Spinous processes: short and bifid in C3 to C5, long in C6,and longer in C7 Transverse processes: short and bifid, transverse foramen横突孔 Articular processes: horizontal Atypical vertebeae Atlas寰椎 (C1) Body and spinous process absent, consists of anterior and posterior arches, and two lateral masses Groove for vertebral artery 椎动脉沟 Axis枢椎 (C2): distinguished by dens齿突 which articulates with dental fovea of anterior arch of atlas Carotid tubercle: 颈动脉结节: anterior tubercle of transverse process of C6 Vertebra prominens 隆椎(C7):contains long and non-bifid spinous process, it is visible with neck flexed, used as clinical landmark in counting cervical and thoracic spinous processes Thoracic vertebrae Vertebrae Body ： heart-shape, superior and inferior costal fovea 上、下肋凹 Vertebral foramen： smaller, rounder Spinous processes： long, point obliquely downward Transverse processes： transverse costal fovea 横突肋凹 Articular processes: coronal Lumbar vertebrae Vertebrae Body： larger, kidney-shape Vertebral foramen: larger and triangular Spinous processes: projects horizontally Transverse processes: