海洋生态学下课程讲义.PDF

講師 : 葉孟宛 • 海洋生物佔全球生物之16.7% • 其中2% 生活於開放海域pelagic environment (most of the oceans are cold and dark) • 其餘98% 為底棲性生物benthic • 依據生活型態之生物分類： – 浮游生物plankton (floaters) – 游泳生物nekton (swimmers) – 底棲生物benthos (bottom dwellers) Plankton are weak swimmers, and are known as drifters, unable to counteract currents. – Phytoplankton (plants) – Zooplankton (animals) Nekton are active swimmers capable of counteracting currents – Fish – Squids – Reptiles – Birds – Mammals The morphology of fish has evolved to allow them t