城乡二元化TheUrban.ppt

城鄉二元化The Urban-Rural Divide 學生: 碩二 歐婉如 9642035 碩二 謝皇儀 9642009 5.1 A Dualistic system: The division between Urban and Rural 5.1.1 Origins of the urban-Rural Divide Migration from Rural to City 1961 – 1962 The system of household registration =monitor Mid-1960s Urban residence permit , houkou 1980s rural reforms 5.1.2 The Urban Economic system 5.1.2.1 The Danwei (Mid-1960s ~ 1990s) Urban residence conveyed the benefits. 1.Job security 2.Low-price grains 3.Health care 4.Primary and middle school education 5.Low-cost housing Urban work unit : SOE , PSU (public-service unit) Job mobility danwei in which individuals were born and in which they lived , worked , and died. 5.1.2.2 Urban Property Rights Judith Banister: “Urban areas are essentially owned and administered by the state.” Decentralization in the early 1970s Urban land markets ; a market for transferable urban leaseholds 5.1.3 The Rural Economic System 5.1.3.1 Rural Collectives Agricultural collectives (1955 – 1982) autonomous organizations 5.1.3.2 Rural Property Rights Rural reforms of 1978 – 1984 ,collective farming was replaced by family farm. Side effects : 1.Land redistribution 2.Landlessness 3.Land tenure 5.1.3.3 “Fuzzy” Property Rights and Land – Use Disputes The origins of the disputes In 2003, a new law on rural land contracts 1970s the “commune and brigade” 1982 the TVEs 5.1.4 The Evolution of the Rural and Urban Systems During Market Transition Market transitions since 1978 Health care Housing 5.1.5 Invisible Walls: Administrative Barriers Today System of household registration A special location and special status 1980s the turning point Blue-stamp hukou Local government’s attitude toward the migrants 2004 a new household registration system 章節介紹 5.2 Urbanization 5.3 Rural-Urban Migration 5.3.1 Overview of Migration 5.3.2 Characteristics of Migrants 5.4 Economic Consequences of the Urban-Rural Divi