【创新设计-课堂讲义】高中英语（人教版必修四）学案 Unit 4 Period Three Word版含答案.docVIP

Period Three　Grammar，Speaking Writing 一、动词-ing形式(现在分词)作状语的句法功能 1.作时间状语(相当于一个时间状语从句)。 Walking in the park，she saw an old friend. ＝When/While (she was) walking in the park，she saw an old friend. 当她在公园里散步时，她看到了她的一个老朋友。 Having finished the homework，he went shopping. ＝After he had finished his homework，he went shopping. 完成作业后，他就去购物了。 注意：当表示正在进行的动作时，可直接在分词前面加上when/while，此时也可理解为状语从句的省略。 2.作原因状语。一般可转换成由as或because引导的原因状语从句。 Being ill，he couldn’t go to school. ＝As he was ill，he couldn’t go to school. 因为生病了，他无法去上学。 Not knowing how to get there，I had to ask the way. ＝As I did not know how to get there，I had to ask the way. 因为不知道如何到那里，我只得问路。 3.作条件状语。一般放在句首，其前可以加if，unless等连词。 Working hard，and you’ll make great progress. ＝If you work hard，you’ll make great progress. 如果你努力工作，你将取得很大进步。 Unless working harder，you’ll surely fail in the exam. 除非更加努力，否则你无法通过考试。 4.作方式状语。不能用状语从句来代替。 He came running back to tell me the news. 他跑回来告诉我这个消息。 We visited a number of cities，traveling by train. 我们坐火车访问了好多城市。 5.作伴随状语。表示伴随的次要动作或补充说明，相当于一个并列谓语。 Every evening they sat on the sofa，reading books. ＝Every evening they sat on the sofa，and read books. 他们每天晚上坐在沙发上读书。 I stood by the door，not daring to say a word. ＝I stood by the door，and didn’t dare to say a word. 我站在门旁，一句话也不敢说。 6.作让步状语。一般放在句首，常常由although/though，while，even if/though等连词引入。 Although repeating his words many times，the teacher could not make her understand what he meant. 尽管重复了很多遍，老师仍无法让她理解自己的意思。 While achieving great achievements，he is very modest.虽然取得了很大的成就，但他很谦虚。 7.作结果状语(表示自然而然的结果，不定式短语作结果状语表示事与愿违的结果)。置于句末，前面经常加so，thereby，thus，hence等表示结果的副词。 He worked day and night，thus making himself near-sighted.他日夜工作，结果造成眼睛近视。 The fire lasted nearly a month，leaving nothing valuable. 大火持续了将近一个月，几乎没剩下什么有用的东西。 注意：(1)现在分词作状语时除了可以表示上述情况外，还可表示补充说明。 Please hand in your homework，writing down your name and your number. 请交上你们的家庭作业，写上姓名和学号。 (2)一般说来，分词(短语)作状语，它的逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致，但事实上有少数特殊情况。 ①当句子中含有主语it或there时，有时用作状语的分词短语的逻辑主语可以与句子的主语不一致。 Having so little time，there was no