[陕西新人教版]高二英语高效课堂学案三：Unit1 Great scientist（必修5）.docVIP

Great scientist 一　牢记规则 非谓语动词是语法学习的重点，也是高考必考的语法项目。英语中有三种非谓语动词，即动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词。动词的过去分词用法较多，可以用作定语、表语、状语、宾语补足语等，相当于形容词或副词。下面重点归纳一下过去分词作定语和表语的用法。 1 及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是被动关系，表示主语的状态，既表示被动，又表示完成。 The cup is broken.　茶杯破了。 The door is closed.　门是关着的。 The door remained closed.　门依然锁着。 He felt rather let down by their failure.　他们的失败使他感到相当失望。 He seemed quite delighted at the idea.　听了这想法他似乎很高兴。 Everything is settled now.　一切都解决了。 The room was packed with people.　屋里挤满了人。 The article is written at last.　文章终于写出来了。 He is deeply read in the classics.　他精通古典文学。 I am convinced of his honesty.　我深信他的诚实。 Are you satisfied that I am telling the truth?　你相信我说的是实话吗？ 2 不及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是主动关系，表示主语的状态，只表示动作的完成。 The stick is burnt.　木棒燃烧过了。 You’re mistaken.　你错了。 Gone are the days when they could do what they liked.　 他们为所欲为的日子一去不复返了。 He’s gone.他走了。 3 有些过去分词作表语时，构成的谓语很接近被动结构。 Where is Lu　Xun buried?　鲁迅葬在哪儿？ Thank heavens! The boy is saved.谢天谢地，孩子得救了。 4 注意过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，主要是表示主语的状态，而被动语态表示动作。 The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.　 茶杯是昨天我小妹妹打碎的。（是被动语态，表示动作） The library is usually closed at 6.　图书馆通常六点关门。（被动） The library is now closed.　图书馆关门了。（过去分词作表语） The book was written by a soldier　.这书是一位战士写的。（被动） The book is well written.　书写的很好。（过去分词做表语） They were crowded into one room　.他们被塞到一间房内。（被动） The street is crowed with people.　街上很拥挤。（表语） This point has not been covered yet.　这一点还没谈到。（被动） The ground is covered with snow.　地上尽是雪。（表语） He had been injured twice that year.　那年他曾两次负伤（被动） He was injured in the leg.　他腿部受了伤。（表语） The bridge was completed in 1968.　这座桥是1968年建的。（被动） The bridge is completed.　桥已建好。（表语） 5 过去分词作表语与-ing形式作表语的区别 过去分词表示被动或完成，-ing形式表示主动或进行。有些动词如 interest,bore,worry,surprise,frighten 等通常用过去分词形式来修饰人，-ing形式来修饰物。 The book is interesting and I’m interested in it. 这本书很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。 The film was moving and I was deeply moved by it. 电影很动人，我深深被它打动。 作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表完成。 1 过去分词用作定语，如果是单个的，常置于其所修饰的名词之前。 The child gave a cry and with outstretched arms ran forward.