第1讲分布式系统概述.ppt

Topology Management of Overlay Networks A two-layered approach for constructing and maintaining specific overlay topologies Network with Superpeers Hybrid Architectures: edge-server systems Figure 2-13. Viewing the Internet as consisting of a collection of edge servers. Hybrid Architectures: collaborative sys. Figure 2-14. The principal working of BitTorrent Summary 分布式系统定义 分布式系统的目标 Making resources accessible Distribution transparency Openness Scalability 分布式系统的类型 Distributed computing system Distributed information system Distributed pervasive system 分布式系统体系结构 Centralized Decentralized Hybrid Homework Questions 1. 2. 3. 4. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * §1.1 分布式系统的定义 A distributed system is: A collection of independent computers that Appears to its users as a single coherent system. 分布式系统定义 Figure 1-1. A distributed system organized as middleware. The middleware layer extends over multiple machines, and offers each application the same interface. 分布式系统的基本目标 Making resources accessible Distribution transparency Openness Scalability Making Resources Accessible Making it easy for users and applications to access remote resources Share remote resources in a controlled and efficient manner Benefits Better economics by sharing expensive resources Easier to collaborate and exchange information Create virtual organizations where geographically dispersed people can work together using groupware Enables electronic commerce Problems Eavesdropping or intrusion on communication Tracking of communication to build a profile Transparency in a Distributed System Figure 1-2. Different forms of transparency in a distributed system (ISO, 1995). Transparency is NOT always good! Cost in performance! Openness In form of services Services are described via interfaces Interface Definition Language (IDL) Interoperability, Portability, Extensibility Scalability Scalability can be measured against three dimensions Size: be able to easily add more users and resources to a syste