Spatial Control and Individual-Based Modeling Bears and …空间控制和建模熊和个人….pptVIP

Agent-based Modeling: A Brief Introduction Louis J. Gross The Institute for Environmental Modeling Departments of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Mathematics University of Tennessee General Goal of this Modeling Approach? Provide a means to connect interactions between individuals and environmental and other influences, taking account of differences between individuals. What is agent-based modeling? A methodology to track the actions of multiple agents which are defined to be objects with some type of autonomous behavior. Examples: individual animals or plants single cars or airplanes letters or packages football players Key component: a set of rules which governs the actions of the agents. These agents need not be rational (letters, many car drivers), but need to have some explicit set of actions which will follow (perhaps according to some probability distribution) from their current state and the state of other agents Difference between agent or individual-based models and models of agents: One is possibly a subset of the other - there are many papers published on models that describe individual-level processes and actions, for examples models for individual plant or animal growth that include bioenergetics. These do not focus on the interactions between individuals and it is these interactions which can greatly affect phenomena that occur due to aggregation of individuals. The methodology which underlies agent-based approaches is object-oriented programming object-oriented languages (C++ and Java are two popular ones) provide data structures which naturally allow for efficient agent-based modeling they provide for inheritance whereby one data-structure (e.g. individual) is provided with the same underlying data-structure as all others of a particular type (e.g. species), allowing the coder to set up a class of objects (individuals all of the same species) with similar basic properties, but allowing for differences between them (perhaps d