Modulation - Capitol College Faculty Pages调制-首府学院教授页.ppt

Noise in Modulation Noise in Amplitude Modulated Systems The SNRI will be calculated for DSB-SC and DSB-LC. A DSB-SC demodulator is linear : the signal and the noise components can be considered separately. A DSB-LC demodulator is non-linear : the signal and the noise components cannot be treated separately. Noise in Frequency Modulated Systems The frequency modulation and demodulation process is non-linear. As with DSB-LC, we cannot treat the signal and the noise separately. Improvement of FM SNRI Using De-Emphasis The signal-to-noise improvement for FM, while good, can be improved by minimizing the noise. The “weakest link” where it comes to the noise amplification is the differentiator: the noise increases as the cube of the bandwidth. If the “high-pass” effect of the differentiator can be offset by a low-pass filter, the noise will be attenuated, and the SNRI will be improved. The expression for the modulated carrier for FM As with DSB-LC AM, he demodulation process extracts m(t) from xc(t). This extraction process consists of three steps: Extract argument from cos(). Subtract wct. Differentiate what is left to get kfm(t). Based upon these three steps we can quickly get the input signal power and the output signal power. Without much loss of generality, we can assume that m(t) = coswmt. We now have the signal power ratio: As with the DSB-LC AM, the effective noise input comes along with an unmodulated carrier: If use the quadrature decomposition of the noise, we have, as the effective noise input or, This expression can be combined into a single sinewave where At this point we make a simliar assumption to what we made with DSB-LC AM: (The new part is the ?1.) Using this assumption we have (This last is true because tan-1 x ? x for small values of x.) With the assumptions given, our effective noise input becomes We may now apply our three demodulation steps: Extract argument from cos(). Subtract wct. Differentiate what is left to get kfm(t). 1. 2. 3. Thus, th