光波技术基础无源器件发送器和接收器光放大器等.ppt

Choose View, Header and Footer to enter text here Passive Components LW Technology Patchcords “Jumper cables” to connect devices and instruments “Adapter cables” to connect interfaces using different connector styles Insertion loss is dominated by the connector losses (2 m fiber has almost no attenuation) Often yellow sheath used for single-mode fiber, orange sheath for multimode Wavelength-Independent Couplers Wavelength-Independent coupler (WIC) types: couple light from each fiber to all the fibers at the other side 50% / 50% (3 dB) most common 4 port type 1%, 5% or 10% taps (often 3 port devices)  Excess Loss (EL): Measure of power “wasted” in the component Wavelength-Dependent Couplers Isolators Main application: To protect lasers and optical amplifiers from light coming back (which otherwise can cause instabilities) Insertion loss: Low loss (0.2 to 2 dB) in forward direction High loss in reverse direction:20 to 40 dB single stage, 40 to 80 dB dual stage) Return loss: More than 60 dB without connectors Filter Characteristics Passband Insertion loss Ripple Wavelengths(peak, center, edges) Bandwidths (0.5 dB, 3 dB, ..) Polarization dependence Stopband Crosstalk rejection Bandwidths (20 dB, 40 dB, ..) Dielectric Filters Thin-film cavities Alternating dielectric thin-film layers with different refractive index Multiple reflections cause constructive destructive interference Variety of filter shapes and bandwidths (0.1 to 10 nm) Insertion loss 0.2 to 2 dB, stopband rejection 30 to 50 dB Tunable Fabry-Perot Filters Filter shape Repetitive passband with Lorentzian shape Free Spectral Range FSR = c / 2 ? n ? l (l: cavity length) Finesss F = FSR / BW (BW: 3 dB bandwidth) Typical specifications for 1550 nm applications FSR: 4 THz to 10 THz, F: 100 to 200, BW: 20 to 100 GHz Insertion loss: 0.5 to 35 dB Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBG) Single-mode fiber with “modulated” refractive index Refractive index changed using high power UV radiation Regular