chapter-18-federal-court-systemppt：chapter-18-federal-court-system.pptVIP

Chapter 18: The Federal Court System Section 1: The National Judiciary The Framers created the national judiciary in Article III of the Constitution. There are two court systems in the United States called Dual Court System: National Judiciary (Federal Courts): spans the whole country State Courts: run by each of the 50 states individually The Constitution created the Supreme Court and left Congress to establish the inferior courts—the lower federal courts made up of: Constitutional courts – Federal Courts congress created Special courts. Organized by the constitution Organized by Congress Federal Court Jurisdiction Jurisdiction is defined as the authority of a court to hear (to try and to decide) a case. Article III, Section 2 of the Constitution provides that the federal courts may hear a case because of either: the subject matter - i.e. Federal courts only hear “federal questions” like interpreting the Constitution or admiralty law [high seas] the parties involved in the case. U.S. officer, U.S. agencies ambassador, consul, representative of the government state suing a state, a resident of one state, or foreign government citizen suing a citizen of another state American citizen suing another country Citizen of a state sues citizen of same state where both claim title of land under grants from differnet states Appointment of Judges The power to appoint judges to federal courts falls on the President. The President nominates Supreme Court justices, as well as federal court judges, who are then subject to the approval of the Senate. Most federal judges are drawn from the ranks of leading attorneys, legal scholars and law school professors, former members of Congress, and State court judges. Terms and Pay Judges appointed to the constitutional courts, including the Supreme Court, are appointed for life. Judges of constitutional courts may be removed only by their own will or through impeachment. In 180 years, only 13 federal judges have ever been im