Electrochemistry - Katy Independent School District ：电化学-凯蒂独立学区.pptVIP

* The Electrochemical Series A species with a low standard reduction potential has a thermodynamic tendency to reduce a species with a high standard reduction potential. More briefly, low reduces high. Equivalently, high oxidizes low. This is the basis for the activity series of metals. Other couples can also be fitted into the activity series. * Activity Series of Metals potassium sodium calcium magnesium aluminum zinc chromium iron nickel tin lead copper silver platinum gold increasing reactivity React violently with cold water React slowly with cold water React very slowly with steam but quite reactive in acid React moderately with high levels of acid HYDROGEN comes here Unreactive in acid * Exercise E6.13 Does acidified dichromate (Cr2O72-) have a thermodynamic tendency to oxidize mercury to mercury(I)? Solutions: The relevant Eo’s are +1.33 V for Cr2O72-|Cr3+ and +0.79 V for Hg22+|Hg Since high oxidizes low, the answer is Yes, Cr2O72- will oxidize Hg to Hg22+ * Exercise E6.14 Can lead displace (a) iron(II) ions, (b) copper(II) ions from solutions at 298 K? Solutions: The relevant Eo’s are: -0.13 V for Pb2+|Pb -0.44 V for Fe2+|Fe +0.34 V for Cu2+|Cu (a) Lead is NOT lower than iron(II), so the answer is NO. (b) Lead IS lower than copper(II), so the answer is YES * Thermodynamic Functions and E’s Because of the relationship DrG = - nFE DrGo = - nFEo It is possible to obtain the thermodynamic value of the standard reaction Gibbs energy by measuring cell potentials. * Exercise E6.15 Estimate the standard reaction Gibbs energy of Ag+(aq) + ? H2(g) ! H+(aq) + Ag(s) given that the standard potential of the cell H2| H+||Ag+|Ag is Eo = +0.7996 V Solution: DrGo = - nFEo DrGo = - (1)(96.485 kC)(+0.7996 V) = -77.15 kJ * Finding Eo via DGo Eo’s for two half-reactions can be combined directly as long as the number of electrons is the same in each half-reaction and the electrons cancel out when