themeasuringofspeciesdiversity物种多样性指数的测量.pptVIP

Community Ecology Forest Biodiversity 森林生物多样性 Introduction What is Biodiversity?什么是生物多样性? 生物多样性, 英文称为Biological diversity 或 Biodiversity。 (2) 第一位明确使用该词汇的人:Lovejoy T. E. 一位著名的热带生物学家， 在1980年，第一次使用 Biological Diversity 一词。 (3) 第一次使用Biodiversity 一词 : 1986年在美国华盛顿特区召开的一次生物多样性的学术讨论会上，美国昆虫学家 Wilson E. O. 在其他同行的建议下第一次使用Biodiversity 一词 （Wilson 1988）； Bio- 是表示生物，Diversity 表示分化、差异、多样和变化等意思。 (4) 生物多样性定义Definition : Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth and is the shortened form of two words - biological and diversity. (5) 1992年,在巴西的里约热内卢召开的, 由世界各国首老参加的世界环境与发展大会上, 各国签署 “生物多样性公约” 后, 引起全世界对生物多样性的关注 2. Why should we conserve biodiversity?为什么要保护生物多样性 Species (including humans) and the ecosystems in which they live are linked together though the flows of energy and materials (e.g. molecules, chemicals, etc.). A change in the life of one species - especially extinction - could ripple throughout an ecosystem, changing the life of many other species, including humans! Think of the many things biodiversity provides:  1) Foods like fruits, vegetables, and other plants and animals 2) Shelter, including homes for many species of plants and animals 3) Timber, fuel, resins, gums and other useful products 4) Medicines 5) Natural beauty and inspiration 6) Biodiversity also provides other ecological services, such as keeping our air and water clean, regulating our climate, pollinating our crops, and keeping our soils healthy and productive. Harming the worlds biodiversity could have serious repercussions. For instance, overlogging forests fragments and destroys habitat for the animals that live in the forests. It can threaten some plant species with extinction, and can take away the trees we need to clean our air and water and to keep our soils, rivers, lakes, streams and oceans healthy. Or, what if the world had no more pollinators - animals like bees, flies, butterflies, moths, birds, bat