The Social Science of Incentive Payments Promise and Risks奖励的承诺和风险的社会科学.pptVIP

Using Incentives to Improve Outcomes:North-South Knowledge Sharing on Conditional Cash Transfer Programs Lawrence Aber New York University Laura Rawlings World Bank Outline The Context: First generation CCTs in the Global South/Latin America New thinking on the role of welfare reform. The place of CCTs in welfare reform The focus: Second generation CCTs globally Lessons and questions Re-examining incentives Outline (continued) The Social and Behavioral Science of Incentives: A. Empirical studies of financial incentives (not holistic CCTs). Variations in Key Dimensions. B. Theoretical perspectives on the design and influence of financial incentives. Three Illustrations: (a) Psychology: Self-Determination Theory (b) Sociology: Social Capital, Social Control and Human Ecology Theories (c) Behavioral Economics. Outline (continued) Building tests of theory into evaluations of CCTs: The Opportunity NYC/Family Rewards “Embedded” Study. I. Context: First generation CCTs CCTs part of broader welfare reform movement Focus on households/demand side Use of incentives Use of evaluation Focus on building human capital Promising evaluation results on use of social services, poverty reduction II. The Focus: Second Generation CCTs Questions left from first generation Are results replicable? Graduation, labor market participation? How to improve long-term outcomes? ? Leads back to focus on incentives and how they are used Incentivize final outcomes? Tailor incentives to populations/households Menu of incentives? ? Calls for a better understanding and testing/evaluation of how incentives work III.A - Empirical Studies of Financial Incentives Domains Health (11 studies and 2 meta-analyses) Education (18 studies; 10 U.S. and 8 International) Work (12 studies) Selection Criteria Conditional financial incentive (NOT CCTs) Primary focus on low-income population Methodologically sound Published since 1991. Findings Health - incentives often effective in