Memory - North Seattle College：内存-北西雅图学院.pptVIP

Memory You don’t know what you’ve got ‘til it’s gone Retrieval Getting information out of long-term storage Memories are stored in a network of related information Retrieval cues Priming Context Déjà vu Sensation of reliving a previously experienced situation State-dependent memory Recall is aided by an emotional state that is similar to that experienced during encoding Happy Sad Angry Forgetting Inability to retrieve information Can happen at any memory stage Encoding failure Information not encoded at any stage will be forgotten Anterograde amnesia Inability to for NEW declarative memories Failure of encoding Due to hippocampal damage Forgetting Storage decay Encoded, stored memories may be lost Forgetting curve Less durable memories are lost most easily Retrograde amnesia Large-scale loss of previously stored memories Due to brain injury Time frame of loss varies Often temporary Retrieval failure Some memories are not readily retrieved from storage “Tip of the tongue” phenomenon Interference Proactive interference Retroactive interference Revision Memory is a constructive process Schemas New memories are fit into existing belief structures Memory is a constructive process Memory recall is not an exact replica of original events and information Recall is a reconstructing of memory based on: New experience, ideas, information Alteration in the strength of some memories Interaction with others Filtering out information Filling in missing pieces Memory is a constructive process Memory is influenced by faulty information Misinformation effect Loftus’s research on false memories Imagination We can create our own false memories Memory is a constructive process Source amnesia - inability to recall the context in which information was learned Misattribution Memory is a constructive process Eyewitness recall - not as reliable as once thought! Children’s recall Adult recall Memory is a constructive process Final thought: Memory is a reconstructive process and confiden