英语变式句型浅析.docVIP

英语变式句型浅析 江西师大鹰潭学院 李魁海 英语句子是以动词为核心的，因此英语句型的划分也主要是依据动词的类型。英语动词的类型主要有五类：1.系动词（linking verb），后面跟主语补足语（subject complement）；2.不及物动词（intransitive verb）；3.单宾及物动词（monotransitive verb），后面必须跟随一个直接宾语（direct object）；4.双宾及物动词（ditransitive verb），后面有两个不同的宾语，一个是间接宾语（indirect object），一个是直接宾语；5.复合动词（complex-transitive verb），其宾语后尾随宾语补足语（object complement），构成复合宾语。由这五类动词，我们可以得到英语的五个基本句型：1. SVC = subject + linking verb + subject complement (主语+系动词+主语补足语)；2. SV = subject + intransitive verb(主语+不及物动词)；3.SVO = subject + monotransitive verb + direct object (主语+单宾动词+直接宾语)； 4. SVoO = subject + ditransitive verb + indirect object + direct object (主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)； 5. SVOC = subject + complex-transitive verb + object + object complement (主语+复合动词+宾语+宾补)。这五种句式我们也可以称之为“常式句”。（也有人将状语成分考虑进去，再列出SVOA和SVA两种句式。） 相对于“常式句”，在英语实际使用中，我们经常会碰到它们的“变式”。英语变式句型源自于常式句，通常是由于语法（grammar）、修辞（rhetoric）或衔接（cohesion）的需要，将主语、谓语完全颠倒过来（complete inversion）①SV②C Had we made adequate preparations, we might have succeeded. (“Had we made adequate preparations”为 “If we had made adequate preparations”的省略与变式。) 变式 3 CVS On the wall were two pictures.(强调介词结构on the wall.) 变式 4 CSV Boy as he is, he behaves like a girl. (让步状语从句的需要。“Boy as he is”为 “Though he is a boy”的变式。) 变式 5 CV①SV② To such lengths did she go in rehearsal that two actors walked out. (强调程度的需要。前半部分为“She went to such lengths in rehearsal”的变式。) 变式 6 V①CV②S Also said to be under consideration is a report performance. (上下文衔接的需要。其常式则为“A report performance is also said to be under consideration”.) 变式 7 VS With the autumn ended comes the winter, which is the last season of the year.(强调状语的需要，且主语部分过长。“comes the winter”为 “the winter comes”的变式。) 变式 8 V①SV② May you succeed! (祝愿句的需要。为“We hope very much that you will succeed”的变式。) 变式 9 V②SV① Growl you will, and go you must. (前后两句都是强调V②的需要，是 “You will growl， and you must go”的变式。) 变式 10 OSV What a beautiful skirt she wears! (感叹句的需要，what引起的宾语部分提前，为 “She wears a very beautiful skirt”的变式。) 变式 11 VSO Had I the time, I would go. (虚拟条件从句的需要。“