清华经济学原理22失业.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 道德风险：例子Moral Hazard: Examples 购买了火灾保险的房主买的灭火器太少。 A homeowner with fire insurance buys too few fire extinguishers. 保姆让小孩看电视的时间超过父母的希望。 A babysitter allow children to watch more television than the parents of the children prefer. 可以领取救济金的一家人住在洪水危险高的河流附近。 A family provided disaster relief by the government lives near a river with a high risk of flooding. * 总结Summary 失业率是那些愿意工作但却没有工作的人的比率。 The unemployment rate is the percentage of those who would like to work but don’t have jobs. 劳工统计局每月计算这一统计数据。 The Bureau of Labor Statistics calculates this statistic monthly. 失业率是失去工作者的不完美的度量。 The unemployment rate is an imperfect measure of joblessness. * 总结Summary 在美国经济中，大多数人失业后，在很短时间内就会找到工作。 In the U.S. economy, most people who become unemployed find work within a short period of time. 在任一给定时刻观察到的失业大部分可归于失业时间长的少数人。 Most unemployment observed at any given time is attributable to a few people who are unemployed for long periods of time. * 总结Summary 失业的原因之一是，工人寻找最适合其喜好和技能的工作是需要时间的。 One reason for unemployment is the time it takes for workers to search for jobs that best suit their tastes and skills. 经济当中总会有某些失业的第二个原因是最低工资法。 A second reason why our economy always has some unemployment is minimum-wage laws. 最低工资法增加了劳动力供给、减少了劳动力需求Minimum-wage laws raise the quantity of labor supplied and reduce the quantity demanded. * 总结Summary 失业的第三个原因是工会的市场势力。 A third reason for unemployment is the market power of unions. 失业的第四个原因与效率工资理论有关。 A fourth reason for unemployment is suggested