喂养（英文课件）.pptVIP

Normal childhood nutritionProf MaLian Nutritional requirements A satisfactory dietary intake should meet the normal requirements of the following Energy Lipids: linolenic acid ; linoleic acid; arachidonic acid ;DHA carbohydrate: glucoprotein; glucolipide; proteoglycan protein Vitamin Trace elements water meal fiber Energy The major determinants of energy expenditure: Basic metabolism Thermic effect of food Physical activity Excreta Growth Energy expenditure Total energy need 1y 100~120 (average 110) Kcal / kg / d 1~3y 100 Kcal / kg / d 15y 50~60 Kcal /kg / d Distribution of Calories Infant feeding Incorrect, inadequate and/or overfeeding can all be harmful. Forms of Feeding: ⅰ. Breast Feeding ⅱ. Bottle/Artificial Feeding ⅲ. Addition of Solids Breastfeeding This is the preferred method for most infants. In general, there is no doubt that breast is best. Breastfeeding in early infancy may be life-saving in developing countries, and is subject to fashion and custom in developed countries. Advantages of breastfeeding Quality Anti-infective properties secretory IgA, lysozyme, phagocytic cells, lactoferrin(irron-binding agent), promotes growth of non-pathogenic flora Advantages of breastfeeding Better nutritional qualities Easily digested protein Low renal solute load A favourable calcium to phosphate ratio Nutrition protein: fat: sugar others: growth regulation factor Advantages of breastfeeding Emotional --- if successful, promotes maternal-infant bonding Reduction of the mortality rate Reduction in the risk of maternal breast cancer Economy, convenience, temperature propriety Disadvantages of breastfeeding Volume of intake uncertain Transmission of drugs, e.g. laxatives, anticoagulants, antineoplastics Nutrient deficiencies: Insufficient vitamin K to prevent haemorrhagic disease of the newborn Vitamin D deficiency (rickerts) may o