公共管理英语Unit+3.pptVIP

Unit 3Notes on the Theory of Organization * * What Is Organization Theory? A proposition or set of propositions that attempts to explain or predict how groups and individuals behave in differing organizational arrangements. What Is Organization Theory? Classic organizational theory. Organizations exist to accomplish production-related and economic goals. There is one best way to organize for production, and that way can be found through systematic, scientific inquiry. Production is maximized through specialization and division of labor. People and organizations act in accordance with rational economic principles. What Is Organization Theory? Theory derived from organizational structures and procedures during the industrial revolution. Adam Smith and the pin factory. The Wealth of Nations, 1776. Laissez-faire. Economic rationale for the factory system. All formal organizations are force multipliers. The Origins of Scientific Management The basic problem with the traditional hierarchical organization was that it was dependent upon the proper enculturation of individual supervisors at every level for its success. Changes in the environment can make hierarchical organizations less competent. The Origins of Scientific Management Origin of the staff concept to overcome limitations of a single mind and fleeting time. The general staff concept has been adopted by industrial and governmental organizations. The Origins of Scientific Management The influence of Frederick W. Taylor (1911). Father of the scientific management movement. Scientific management principles. Replacing traditional, rule of thumb methods of work accomplishment with systematic, more scientific methods of measuring and managing individual work elements; The scientific study of the selection and sequential development of workers to ensure optimal placement of works into work roles; Obtaining the cooperation of workers to ensure full application of scientific principles; And. Establishing logical divisio