China-International-Statistical-Training-Centre-_-National-，.pptVIP

计算创新指标（2） 产品创新或工艺创新： 实施了产品创新的公司百分比 (N) = 实施了产品创新的公司数（在每一类经济活动或大小类别当中） *100 (D) = 公司总数（在每一类经济活动或大小类别当中） (N) = 实施了产品创新的制造业公司数 *100 (D) = 制造业公司总数 ertert Calculating innovation indicators (3) Product or process innovation: Source: 2011 UIS Pilot Data Collection of Innovation Statistics ertert 计算创新指标（3） 产品或工艺创新： Source: 2011 UIS Pilot Data Collection of Innovation Statistics ertert Calculating innovation indicators (4) Product or process innovation: % of firms that implemented product or process innovation (pdt/pcs innovative firms) (N) = Number of firms that implemented product or process innovation (in each economic activity or size class) *100 (D) = Total number of firms (in each economic activity or size class) (N) = Number of Manufacturing firms that implemented product or process innovation *100 (D) = Total number of Manufacturing firms ertert 计算创新指标（4） 产品或工艺创新： 实施了产品或工艺创新的企业百分比（产品或工艺创新的公司） (N) = 实施了产品或工艺创新的公司数量（在每一类经济活动或大小类别当中） *100 (D) = 公司总数（在每一类经济活动或大小类别当中） (N) = 实施了产品或工艺创新的制造业公司数量 *100 (D) = 制造业公司总数 ertert 关联 关联：与其它机构的联系； 信息源、支出、互动的程度； 外部关联的类型： 开放的信息源； 获取 知识和技术； 协作 创新。 ertert Sources for transfers of knowledge and technology Open information sources Sources for purchases of knowledge technology Co-operation partners Internal sources within the enterprise: RD / Production / Marketing / Distribution * Other enterprises within the enterprise group * * * External market and commercial sources: Competitors Other enterprises in the industry Clients or customers Consultants / consultancy firms Suppliers Commercial laboratories * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Public sector sources: Universities and other higher education institutions Government / public research institutes Private non profit research institutes Specialised (semi) public innovation support services * * * * * * * * * * * * General information sources: Patent disclosures / Professional conferences, meetings, literature and journals / Fairs and exhibitions / Professional associations,