儿科学精品教学（重庆医科大学）09.惊厥Acute convulsion in Children.pptVIP

Acute convulsion in Children JIANG Li Professor, Doctorial tutor Department of Neurology Children’s Hospital of CMU contents Definitions Causes of acute convulsion Febrile seizures Exams and Tests for convulsion Treatment of acute convulsion Definitions Epileptic Seizures（癫痫发作，痫性发作） · transient excessive abnormal electrical activity of cortical neurons · manifestation depends on the areas of the brain affected (motor, sensory, autonomic, cognitive, or psychic disturbance) · manifestation is apparent either to the subject or an observer Be divided into partial seizures (affect only a part of the body) and generalized seizures (affect the whole body) Definitions Convulsive seizures (惊厥性癫痫发作，convulsion 惊厥): a subtype of epileptic seizure, violent uncontrollable contractions of muscles Epilepsy（癫痫）: a chronic disorder of the brain characterized by recurrent, unprovoked epileptic seizures. 惊厥（Convulsion） 神经元异常放电：起源于大脑皮层运动区 脑功能障碍基本表现：抽搐（全身或局部骨骼肌的不自主收缩） 可伴有不同程度意识障碍 癫痫发作、惊厥、癫痫 癫痫发作(Epileptic Seizures)：发作性大脑皮层功能异常所引起的多种临床症状 惊厥(convulsion) ：伴有骨骼肌强烈、不自主收缩的痫性发作 癫痫(epilepsy) ：临床呈长期反复痫性发作的疾病过程 Characteristics of acute convulsion in children High incidence: 4-6% in the children younger than 6yr Easily with prolonged convulsion or status convulsion Status convulsion（惊厥持续状态): a convulsion lasting longer than 30 minutes or repeated convulsion without a return to normal in between them Usually with minim or subtle seizure in the babies Etiological factors are varied contents Definitions Causes of acute convulsions Febrile seizures Exams and Tests for convulsion Treatment of acute convulsion Common causes of acute convulsion CNS infection: Meningitis or encephalitis Febrile convulsions（ Febrile seizures） Head trauma CNS malformations Brain tumors Metabolic disorders: Hypoglycemia, Hyponatremia, hypernatremia, Hyperosmolar states, Hypocalcemia Idiopathic or cryptogenic epilepsy Intracranial infection Usually with infectious symptoms（fever、drow