明十三陵概况及长陵.docVIP

导游词：明十三陵2英文(仅供参考) 　　题二：明十三陵概况及长陵(历史沿革;今日十三陵;明成祖朱棣;长陵布局;长陵祾恩殿;人殉制度) 　　The ming tombs are located in changping district, about 50 kilometers on the northwest of Beijing. It covers an area of 80 square kilometers with 13 ming emperors, 23 empresses, many imperial concubines buried here. 　　The ming dynasty reigned from 1368 to 1644, lasting 276 years. There were altogether 16 emperors who ruled in the ming dynasty. But only 13 of them were buried here. 　　The first emperor built the tomb here was emperor zhudi. Having been a frontier commander in Beijing for many years, emperor zhudi realized that a peaceful northern frontier was very important to the ming court and Beijing was a very important strategic position for the whole country. In order to resist the raid by the remnant Mongolian forces and strengthen his control over the whole country, emperor zhudi decided to move the capital from Nanjing to Beijing. Another reason for emperor zhudi to move the capital was that the dethroned emperor jianwen was nowhere to be found, and the former officials in nanjing refused to accept zhudi as the third empeor. That threatened his throne, so he decided to move the capital to Beijing. 　　Upon the decision, the construction of the imperial palace started in 1406, but unfortunately in 1407 empress xu died. In order to show his determination on moving the capital from nanjing to Beijing, emperor zhudi decided to bury her in Beijing instead of nanjing. 　　First, He sent an official and a fengshui master to Beijing to find the best place for building the imperial tombs. 　　Based on fengshui and After serious consideration, the present site was finally chosen to be the best place, because this area was located in a basin encircled by mountains. Rolling hills, known as yellow earth hill, formed a natural protection screen to the north. Dragon hill on the east, and tiger hill on the west, stood just like two generals guarding the gateway for the tomb area. So, this area was screened by mou