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* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Chemistry and Nanomaterials Carl C. Wamser Portland State University Nanomaterials Course - June 27, 2006 Nanoscale = billionths (10-9) 6 billion people 8000 mile diameter 10 billion components 8 inch diameter Effects of Nanoscale Structural differences: Bulk Carbon Nanoscale Carbon Carbon Nanotubes Sumio Iijima - 1991 C60 (Buckeyball) Smalley, Curl, Kroto 1996 Nobel Prize Graphite Diamond Instrumentation / Imaging “Quantum Corral” 48 Fe atoms positioned by the STM used to image them /html/facts/home_facts.html Dimensional Issues Chemistry Issues Structure / Dynamics / Synthesis Structure-Function Correlations Self-Assembled Systems Applications: Materials Biological Environmental Organic LEDs Structure-Function Correlations (emission wavelengths) Quantum Effects Fluorescence of cadmium selenide nanoparticles 4 nm 2 nm Band gap depends on particle size (number of atoms in the particle) Chemical Bonding Forces used to assemble structure: Ionic Metallic Covalent H-bonding Metal-ligand Van der Waals π-π stacking Ionic Bonding Molecular beaker epitaxy Layer-by-layer growth of polyelectrolytes Tom Mallouk Penn State U http://www.mapr.ucl.ac.be/~jonas/Home_page_AJ/Research/ESA/ESA.html Ionic / Electrostatic Effects A molecular elevator Responsive to acid/base J. D. Badjic, et al., Accts. Chem. Res., in press. J.F. Stoddart, UCLA Ionic / Electrostatic Effects Conformational Molecular Rectifiers, A. Troisi and M. A. Ratner, Nano Lett., 4(4), 591-595 (2004). Metallic Bonding melting point: 1337 °K melting point: 650 °K Gold Statue Gold nanoparticles Nanoscale gold has different properties than bulk gold, including: appearance, solubility, and melting point. thiol stabilized gold nanoparticle gold nanoparticles (2 nm) in solution Jim Hutchison, U. Oregon /~hutchlab Covalent Bonding - Carbon Single-walled carbon nanotubes: armchair - metallic zigzag - semiconducting chiral - semiconducting multi-walled - metallic Cov
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