口腔种植学精品教学（中山大学）maxilla and mandible.pptVIP

The mental foramen is located at practically the same level on most humans: 13-15mm superior to the inferior border of the mandible. [in a study of 40 skulls, the mental foramen was found most often to be directly under the second premolar(40%). Infrequently, it was located distal to the apex of the second premolar(17.5%) and was never found under the apex of the first premolar.] Ramus: Lateral Surfaces There are two processes on the superior end of each ramus. The coronoid process冠突is the more pointed, anterior process on the upper border. The second more rounded and posterior process of t