高中语法(第一部分).docVIP

第一部分 虚拟语气 定义：纯粹假想的情况，主观愿望，在形式上需要一种特殊情况。 几种形式： 表示和将来、现在情况相反的条件句。其结构为条件句中的谓语用过去时，主句中用 would + do 的形式，其基本结构为： If + 过去时， would + do. e.g If I had a map, I would lend it to you. If you left your bicycle outside, somebody would steal it. If I lived near my office, I’d walk to work.. If I were you, I’d plant some trees round the house. 注意几种特殊情况： 主句谓语有时可以是由 might, could +do 构成。 e.g If you tried again, you might succeed. If I could type, I might save a lot of time. If I know her number, I could ring her up. If he had a permit, he could get the job. 在从句中有时还可以用‘were + to’，‘should+ do’这两种形式。 e.g If he were to resign, who would take his job. If I were to do the job, I would do it in a different way. If you should have any difficult in getting the medicine, you could ring this number. If the toys should arrive in a damaged condition, please inform us at once. 在某些条件句中，if 有时可以省略，这时从句语序要改成倒装。 e.g Were I Tom I would refuse. Were I in your shoes I would let him know what I thought of him. Should she be interested ,I’ll phone her. 从句中有时可用If were not for 这种句型，表示‘若不是...,’ e.g If it weren’t for your help, we would be in serious trouble. Were it not for their loan, our life would be very difficult. You would not be anywhere if it were not for John. 若不是约翰，你不会有任何成就。 表示一个与过去时相反的情况，其结构形式为从句中的谓语动词为过去时的形式，即过去完成时，主句谓语动词相当于 would have +done. e.g If I had known that you were coming, I’d have met you at the airport.(事实上我不知道) If anything had happened, he would have let us know. She would have said more if he had not walked away. If I had left sooner, I’d have caught the bus. What would you have done if you’d been in any position ? 几特殊情况： 主句中也可以用 could，might, should构成谓语。 e.g If I had been less cautious, I might have more wise. If we had found him earlier we might have saved his life. If he received the present, he should have thanked you. If he had apologized, you should have done too. 从句中也可以用 h