大学物理功能原理机械能守恒定律教程.pptVIP

*/21 一 质点系的动能定理 (Theorem of kinetic energy of mass point system ) 对第 i 个质点,有 内力功 Work of internal force 外力功 Work of external force 对质点系,有 */21 质点系动能定理 Theorem of kinetic energy of system of particles 内力可以改变质点系的动能. 注意 质点系的动能的增量等于作用于质点系的一切外力作的功和一切内力作的功之和。 The increment of the kinetic energy of mass point system is equal to the sum of the work done by the external the internal forces acting on the mass point system */21 二 质点系的功能原理 (Principle of work energy of mass point system) 保守内的功 Work of conservative internal force 非保守内的功 Work of non-conservative internal force */21 机械能(Mechanical energy) 质点系的功能原理:质点系的机械能的增量等于外力与非保守内力作功之和. The principle of work energy of mass point system: The increment of the mechanical energy of system is a sum of the work done by the external forces on the system the work done by the internal non-conservative forces */21 三　机械能守恒定律 (Law of conservation of mechanical energy) 只有保守内力作功的情况下,质点系的机械能保持不变. When the external forces the non-conservative internal forces acting on a mass point system do not do work, the total mechanical energy of the mass point system is conserved */21 守恒定律的意义 说 明 不究过程细节而能对系统的状态下结论,这是各个守恒定律的特点和优点. 在满足机械能守恒的条件下,质点系的动能和势能都不是不变的,两者之间可以相互转换,但动能和势能之和却是不变的. If the condition of the conservaton of mechanical energy is satisfied ,both the kinetic energy the potential energy of mass point system do not conserved ,the two may be transform each other ,while the sum of the kinetic energy the potential energy is conserved . */21 如图的系统,物体 A,B 置于光滑的桌面上,物体 A 和 C,B 和 D 之间摩擦因数均不为零,首先用外力沿水平方向相向推压 A 和 B, 使弹簧压缩,后拆除外力,则 A 和 B 弹开过程中, 对 A、B、C、D 组成的系统 讨论 (A),动量守恒,机械能守恒. (B),动量不守恒,机械能守恒. (C),动量不守恒,机械能不守恒. (D),动量守恒,机械能不一定守恒. D B C A D B C A */21 例 1 一雪橇从高度为50m 的山顶上点A沿冰道由静止下滑,山顶到山下的坡道长为500m.雪橇滑至山下点B后,又沿水平冰道继续滑行,滑行若干米后停止在C处.若摩擦因数为0.050.求此雪橇沿水平冰道滑行的路程(点B附近可视为