计算机组织结构chap6.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Magnetic Tape Serial access Slow Very cheap Backup and archive Figure 6.13 serpentine (蜿蜒的,蛇形的) 图6.13 P190 ‘ Comparison Device Data rate (KB/s) Floppy disk 100 Optical disk 1000 Magnetic tape 2000 Magnetic disk 2000~10000 Summary 1. Magnetic disk Data organization track, sector cylinder Winchester disk block-- read/write unit (k sectors) Format ID (track,sector,head), data(512), CRC, gaps Access time Seek time + rotational delay + transfer time 2. RAID Purposes RAID 0 --- RAID 6 Strip: a read/write unit High I/O request rate vs. high data transfer rate Different applications 3. Optical Storage CD-ROM format ID(munite,second,sector), data(2048), ECC CD-R CD-RW DVD single or double sides multi-layer DVD-ROM,DVD-R,DVD-RW, + 4. Comparison Disk Optical disk Method magnetize reflect laser bits/track same ? different Capacity large larger Speed fast slow than disk 5. Tape Backup and archive Assignment 6.2 6.4 (6.5/7版) (6.3/7版) Consider a single-platter disk with the following parameters: rotation speed: 7200 rpm; number of tracks on one side of platter: 30,000; number of sectors per track: 600; seek time: one ms for every hundred tracks traversed. For large values of N tracks, the average number of tracks traversed by a seek approaches N/3. Let the disk receive a request to access a random sector on a random track and assume the head starts at track 0. What is the average seek time? What is the average rotational latency? What is the transfer time for a sector? What is the total average time to satisfy a request? 4. (6.4/7版) A distinction is made between physical records and logical records. A logical record is a collection of related data elements treated as a conceptual unit, independent of how or where the information is stored. A physical record is a contiguous area of storage space that is defined by the characteristics of the storage device and ope