植物学课件第一节.pptVIP

Studying Aim （1）了解植物细胞的基本结构和功能； （2）了解3种植物细胞分裂的意义和方式； （3）掌握种子植物组织的类型和特点。 Cell is a basic unit in all kinds of living organisms. The discovery 施莱登（1804～1881） 德国植物学家。细胞学说的创立者之一。1838年，施莱登在他的《植物发生论》一文中证明，植物形态的最基本单位是细胞，最简单的植物是由一个细胞构成的，大多数植物是由细胞和细胞的变态构成的。他与德国动物学家施旺共同奠定了细胞学说的基础。1839-1863年在耶拿大学任植物学教授。著作有《植物学概论》等。 施旺（1810～1882） 　　德国动物学家，解剖学教授。细胞学说的创立者之一，1839年，施旺概括了施莱登的成就，并在他的《关于动植物的结构和生长的一致性的显微研究》中指出：“细胞是有机体。整个动物和植物都是细胞的集合体。它们按照一定的规律排列在动植物体内。”这样，施旺就将施莱登的观点扩大到了动物体，相继证实了细胞是生命的单位。动、植物都是由细胞构成的。与德国植物学家施莱登共同奠定了细胞学说的基础。 Cell theory content The significance Virus 2. 植物细胞的形状和大小 The figure and size of plant cell 3. 细胞的结构和功能 The structure and effect of the plant cell The nucleus is the control center of the cell. The nucleus stores hereditary information, which is passed from cell to cell as new cells are formed. This nuclear information contributes towards growth, differentiation, and other activities. 3.2 质膜 Cell membrane 3.3 细胞器 Organelle 散布于细胞质中具有一定结构和功能的微结构或微器官。 质体 Plastids 一类与碳水化合物的合成和储藏有密切关 系的细胞器. According to the pigment 叶绿体 chloroplast 有色体 chromoplast 白色体 leucoplast 叶绿体 chloroplast Most living plant cells have several kinds of plastids, with chloroplast being the most important one. They occur in a variety of shapes and sizes. It contains chlorophyll and other pigments. 叶绿体 chloroplast 有色体chromoplast 白色体 Leucoplast 液泡 Vacuole In a mature living plant cell, as much as 90% or more of the volume may be taken up by one or two large central vacuoles. Vacuole is filled with a watery fluid called cell sap, which helps to maintain pressures within the cell. 线粒体 Mitochondrion Mitochondrion is shaped like cucumbers, rods or balls. It has 2 membranes, with inner membrane and outer membrane. Mitochondrion is often referred to as powerhouse of the cell, because energy is released from it. ER Endoplasmic reticulum The outer membrane of the nucleus is connected with ER. Many important activities occur on the surface of ER.